Inspired by Brian Fagan's Work Archaeology, the scientific study of the human past through material remains, has transformed from a treasure-hunting curiosity to a rigorous academic discipline. Brian Fagan, a leading archaeologist and author, has written extensively on the subject, presenting

The flu knew no borders. In India, British colonial records estimate that 12–17 million people died. In Persia (modern-day Iran), the death toll was so high that bodies were left unburied. In Japan, China, and Southeast Asia, the virus spread rapidly through ports and trade routes. Africa and

The global influenza pandemic struck a world already reeling from the Great War. Soldiers lived in overcrowded trenches and field hospitals, where hygiene was poor and immune systems were weak. As Arnold notes, this was a “perfect storm” for disease: a mix of global travel, dense populat

By Catharine Arnold (Summary Article) In the final months of World War I, as the world prepared to exhale after years of unimaginable suffering, an invisible enemy emerged—silent, swift, and utterly lethal. The 1918 influenza pandemic, often called the “Spanish Flu,” claimed mor